Peacock Tails and Human Language Related by Evolutionary Game Theory 10/31/2001
Signals that animals employ, from elaborate peacock tails to subdued
sparrow throat patches to human language, are the subject of a paper,
Cost and conflict in animal signals and human language, in
the Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences. How do signal receivers
know that the senders signals are honest, and not devious for selfish
ends?
Previous theories held that evolution would favor honest communication
when both parties had coincident interests, but these researchers dispute
that claim. They analyze various factors such as the cost of
signalling, coincidence vs conflict of interest, honesty and accuracy
of the signal, and equilibrium. They discuss real-world examples
of peacock tails, sparrow throat markings, and human language, then conclude
that signalling theory and game theory can provide frameworks for
future studies of the origin of human linguistic communication.
It seems that if you can dazzle the
editors with a few calculus equations, you can get any evolutionary
tall tale published. The popular Darwinian idea of game theory
as an explanation for animal behavior is riddled with the
personification fallacy.
Clearly the animals are not consciously playing games, so who is?
Mother Nature? Charles Darwin? The spirit of the coyote?
Its a ridiculous structure to build on a materialist foundation.
Its also so versatile that it explains opposite phenomena equally
well, so how is anyone supposed to test it?
Furthermore, its self-defeating. Read their paper as just their own
strategy to win the Darwinopoly game (i.e., pass on their genes), and any
honest search for truth or understanding evaporates.
(Thats exactly what PBSs
Evolution series said last month:
all our noblest arts and intellectual achievements are just expressions of
our sex drive, so that includes the Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences.)
What is this term honesty, anyway, which they use 26 times
in the paper, in the context of game
theory? The very term honesty implies rules and a referee,
but evolution provides none. Honesty has no moral content in
Darwinland. If you
say honesty is what gives the best success at reproduction, then who is the
scorekeeper, and who are the spectators? A peacock does not have
a mind or values, so it couldnt care less whether its genes get
passed on or not. So who does care? No one!
Nobody is watching the game; no one cares whether a rule is broken, and no
trophy will be awarded, nor could it be understood or appreciated by
a dumb animal if it was handed to them. An asteroid could obliterate
them all and no one would weep. Rules? Who needs rules in
evolutionball? But if you have no rules, is it really a game?
Evolutionists who invoke game theory need to see these glaring inconsistencies
in their logic.
Scientific papers like this, after you brush off the
bluff and logical fallacies, are almost comical. Philosophically
and scientifically, they are without form and void. The observed fact
remains that there is a tremendous gap between human language with its
rich syntax, vocabulary and meaning and
animal chirps and grunts. Read the headline below
from the very same issue of the Proceedings to grasp the
extent of the problem human language poses for evolutionists.
Next headline on: Darwinism and Evolutionary Theory.
Israels Evolution Canyon Contains Divergent Fruit Flies 10/31/2001
A paper from the Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences contains a study of two populations
of fruit flies in a wadi in Israel dubbed Evolution Canyon in
which opposite walls contain different microclimates. Researchers
found the populations on opposite walls to be very different genetically
even though they live within each others air space. The authors
conclude that adaptation to the contrasting microclimates overwhelms
gene flow and is responsible for the genetic and phenotypic divergence
between the populations.
Aside from the irony of naming a site
Evolution Canyon within the Holy Land, this story raises
as many questions as it attempts to answer. It cannot determine
whether the two populations diverged from an ancestral population, or
migrated in from different sources and remained isolated. Either
way, it doesnt matter to the debate on origins; theyre all
just fruit flies. Variation is accepted within creation and
evolution world views. The paper is listed in the category
Evolution, but microevolution is not true Darwinian macroevolution.
Next headline on: Bugs.
Article: 10/30/2001 Michael Shermer, Baloney Detecting: How to draw boundaries between science and pseudoscience, Part I, Scientific American.
A renowned skeptic offers five questions to ask when evaluating claims of pseudoscientists.
OK, lets be good skeptics and apply Shermers baloney-detecting guidelines to evolution:
- How reliable is the source of the claim? I.e., is there a pattern of error and distortion from the proponent(s)?
We invite you to browse through the Darwin chain links and decide for yourself. PhDs alone dont cut it; you
have to provide sound evidence without bias. We have been showing in these very pages how evolutionists frequently espouse
their ideas in spite of the observations, and stretch any molehill of data into mountains of claims in support of their belief system. By contrast, if it can be demonstrated that there is a God who has revealed Himself in the Bible, then you have the ultimate reliable source: God, who cannot lie.
- Does this source often make similar claims? Shermer claims that Flood geologists (creationists who believe that Noah's flood can account for many of the earth's geologic formations) consistently make outrageous claims that bear no relation to geological science. (cf. our own Baloney Detector on Big Lie, Half Truth, Loaded Words, and
Bluffing.) So is Darwinism the shining example? A year's worth of outrageous claims by Darwinists can be found right here on
Creation-Evolution Headlines. Again, read their stories below and decide for yourself.
- Have the claims been verified by another source? Verified is the key word here. There is no
possible way to verify just-so stories about the unobservable past, no matter how many evolutionists agree with themselves about them.
But there are plenty of prominent scientists, both creationist and evolutionist, who dispute almost any given claim made to support evolution. Consider how Haeckels embryos, peppered moths and finch beaks continue to be presented in school textbooks
as prime examples of evolution after evolutionists themselves have admitted in print they are either fraudulent or irrelevant.
- How does the claim fit with what we know about how the world works? Darwinism fails on at least three counts.
(1) It violates the First Law of Thermodynamics (nothing comes from nothing) and the Law of Cause and Effect; (2) It violates the Second Law of Thermodynamics (tendency toward disorder), claiming things become more ordered through time; (3) It violates the universal observation that Information always comes from an intelligent source.
- Has anyone gone out of the way to disprove the claim, or has only supportive evidence been sought? Creationists and
anti-Darwinists try, (some of whom are assuredly non-Christians),
but Darwinists consistently deny them a hearing. Look at the PBS Evolution series for a
recent example. Look at how evolution is simply assumed on almost every TV documentary and National Park exhibit, and contrary evidence is ignored. Look at how the Center for Science Education tries to systematically exclude even criticism of Darwinism in the public schools. Yet when both sides are given the opportunity to face each other, as in public debates, evolutionists most of the time are embarrassed, so much so that other evolutionists warn them to stay away from debates with creationists. (Eugenie Scott recently told her colleagues not to argue with creationists on scientific grounds.) Evolution succeeds best in a vacuum of criticism. Darwinians try to stifle their opposition, rather than face it fairly.
So by Shermers own guidelines so far, evolution looks like, sounds like, and smells like pseudoscience. Stay tuned for Part II next month and see if it can at least score a D minus. Meanwhile, our own Baloney Detector is open for your browsing convenience, and unlike Shermer, we dont talk in Glittering Generalities.
Next headline on: Darwinism and Evolutionary Theory.
Bugs Are Good for the Woods 10/30/2001
Researchers at Oregon State University
are out to change the reputation of forest insects from pests to
partners. While some insect infestations (especially non-native
ones) can wipe out a forest, in most cases bugs are good for the woods.
They pollinate many plants, loosen the soil, and by eating parts of plants
without killing them, allow them to grow stronger and aid in plant
succession. It now appears that insects, which are the
most abundant and diverse animals on Earth, are anything but
destructive pests, the article states. Rather, they are
major architects of the plant world in both structure and function, and
in natural balance help to maintain healthy and productive forest
ecosystems.
Forest fires also used to be seen as an
evil that had to be destroyed; now they are viewed as normal parts of the
balance of nature (in many cases). Here is another paradigm shift.
The new Darwinism is characterized by harmony, balance, and cooperation.
That fits in well with multiculturalism and native American religion.
The old Darwinism of struggle and survival of the fittest fit in with
cut-throat capitalism and Marxism. How much of this paradigm is
science and how much is politics? Try the creation paradigm on for
a better fit.
Footnote: Notice that Progressive Creationists have a
problem. If plants were created on
Day Three but bugs not till Day Six,
how did the forest get along without them for millions of years?
Next headline on: Bugs.
Next headline on: Plants.
Out of the Mouths of Babes 10/30/2001
A fascinating article in the
Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences explores the amazing ability
of infants to acquire language skills, identify words, and recognize
syntax. The paper comes from a presentation the authors gave at
a Frontiers of Science Symposium last year. A couple of
quotes from the paper are sufficient to arouse awe:
Imagine that you are faced with the following challenge. You must
discover the internal structure of a system that contains tens of
thousands of units, all generated from a small set of materials.
These units, in turn, can be assembled into an infinite number of
combinations. Although only a subset of those combinations is
correct, the subset itself is for all practical purposes
infinite. Somehow you must converge on the structure of this
system to use it to communicate. And you are a very young
child.
This system is human language. The units are words, the materials
are the small set of sounds from which they are constructed, and the
combinations are the sentences into which they can be assembled.
Given the complexity of this system, it seems improbable that mere
children could discover its underlying structure and use it to
communicate. Yet most do so with eagerness and ease, all within
the first few years of life.
The researchers ran experiments with infants presented with artificial
languages interspersed with subtle elements of surprise to see how they
adapted to novel elements. They also investigated a Nicaraguan
school for deaf children who were learning sign language. A review of the
literature revealed no commonly accepted evolutionary explanation for the
remarkable ability of children to acquire language. The authors
conclude:
These examples of language learning, processing, and creation represent
just a few of the many developments between birth and linguistic
maturity. During this period, children discover the raw materials
in the sounds (or gestures) of their language, learn how they are
assembled into longer strings, and map these combinations onto
meaning. These processes unfold simultaneously, requiring
children to integrate their capacities as they learn, to crack the code
of communication that surrounds them. Despite layers of
complexity, each currently beyond the reach of modern computers, young
children readily solve the linguistic puzzles facing them, even
surpassing their input when it lacks the expected structure.
No less determined, researchers are assembling a variety of
methodologies to uncover the mechanisms underlying language acquisition
. . . . As these techniques and others probing the childs mind
are developed and their findings integrated, they will reveal the
childs solution to the puzzle of learning a language.
The gap between humans and animals is more
than just biological. We were endowed by our Creator with an
eternal spirit, and
bodies equipped to communicate. Unlike
the animals, we have the
ability to communicate meaning, not just signals, and to
form relationships based on mutual love and understanding.
Evolutionists strive to package humanness into a materialistic box
that is too small for it. King David, in
Psalm
8, said, Out of the mouth of babes and nursing infants You
have ordained strength, because of Your enemies, that You may silence
the enemy and the avenger. The enemies today
are the materialists who would rob God of His honor as Creator, and
who would ascribe His wonders to chance. The strength
He has ordained is the powerful evidence of nature. Look no farther
than the feeble infant in a mothers arms, focusing its little
eyes and ears on her every gentle word.
Next headline on: Human Body.
Next amazing story.
Article: 10/28/01 Paul Giem,
Carbon-14
Content of Fossil Carbon,
Origins,
Geoscience Research Institute (51:6-30, Oct 2001). Dr. Giem
examines dozens of reported cases of anomalous carbon-14 residuals
in Cambrian to Pliocene rock, which should have been long decayed
if the world were as old as claimed.
Next headline on: Dating Methods.
Tiny RNAs: A Whole New World of Regulators Discovered 10/26/2001
Cell biologists have uncovered a whole new class of regulators that
control development and gene expression: micro-RNAs, or miRNAs.
These short sequences of genetic material (usually around 10-30 nucleotides,
much smaller than genes) that had
almost
escaped detection until now, may number in the hundreds or
thousands in the cells of all living things. They work not by
coding for proteins, but
by latching onto messenger RNAs, that are en route to the protein
assembly plants, and inhibiting them until the right time, thus acting
as switches or timing controls. But the range of
possible functions is just now beginning to be explored.
One geneticist comments, Each miRNA is probably matched to
one or more other genes whose expression it controls.
Their potential importance to control development or
physiology is really enormous. If there are hundreds
of these in humans and each has two or three targets that it
regulates, then there could be many hundreds of genes whose activity
is being regulated this way. Three reports on miRNAs are
in the Oct 26 issue
of Science. See also this summary in
SciNews.
Switches, controllers, regulators
is this the language of purposelessness and chance? The microscopic
world of the cell just keeps getting more amazing, and harder to explain
by evolution. Now we have another category of tools to marvel at.
Next headline on: The Cell and Biochemistry.
Next amazing story.
Article 10/26/2001: Writing for the
ICR Impact
series, Gregory G. Brewer, medical microbiologist at Southern
Illinois University, predicts the
Imminent Death
of Darwinism and the Rise of Intelligent Design. He bases
his forecast on the collapse of evolutionary trees of life, the genome
sequence data, and the existence of irreducibly complex features in living
cells. The death of Darwinism will be a hard pill to
swallow because it requires replacement by intelligent design, a
paradigm outside the box of naturalism that many scientists embrace,
Dr. Brewer concludes.
Did Cro-Magnon Outsmart Neandertals, Or Both Outsmart Scientists? 10/26/2001
An article in the Oct 25
Nature
makes it clear that there are almost as many opinions about human
evolution as there are paleoanthropologists. Neandertals used
to be pictured as brutish transitional forms in the human ancestral tree, and
smarter Cro-Magnons survived because of their superior brains.
But the picture today is not so simple. Points of dispute
include: did Neandertals go extinct, or just merge into modern man?
Were they as smart as Cro-Magnon? Did the Cro-Magnon invade and
destroy them, or intermarry
with them? Why are carbon-14 measurements so inconsistent?
Who made the artifacts and stone tools? Although there have been new
archaeological finds recently, paleoanthropologists are still far from
answers, the article explains.
One gets the impression the whole
story is bunk. Theyre not sure of anything about these
fully-human beings: when they lived, when they died, how they lived,
how they died. Notice this statement about the carbon-14
dating evidence: Where both bone and charcoal from the same
level have been dated, some bone dates statistically match those
on charcoal, but others are much younger and often make
little stratigraphic sense. By translation, this means
that some of the bones are way too young for evolutionists
storytelling. The carbon-14 dates and the rocks in which they
are found dont fit the evolutionary scenario. But instead
of seeing this as evidence something is wrong with the story,
they disregard the evidence as making little sense!
It is irresponsible
for the Discovery Channel and other popular science outlets to portray
Neandertals and Cro-Magnons in the usual Darwinian way, when the
evidence is so confused and contradictory. There is nothing
in the raw data that invalidates a Biblical view that these were all
fully human beings that lived in relatively recent times.
Put a Neandertal in a business suit and you would hardly notice
him walking down the street. Yet
evolutionists expect us to believe these intelligent people eked out
a subsistence living for 200,000 years thirty times as long
as known civilization without the smarts to build cities, ride
horses, plant farms and write books. Something is drastically
wrong with this picture.
Next headline on: Early Man.
Next headline on: Dating Methods.
Curious Anecdote: Did you know that the first fossils of Neandertal Man
were found in 1856 in the Neander Valley in Germany, where a large cave named
Neander-höhle was named for Joachim
Neander (1650-1680), a hymn writer? Believe it or not, this was the original
Neander-höhle man who wrote the famous hymn,
Praise to the
Lord, the Almighty, the King of Creation.
How Plants Stand Up 10/26/2001
Plants are able to stand erect because of their rigid cell walls.
Scientists have known that cell walls contained a complex carbohydrate
called RG-II, but didnt know its function. Now, scientists
at the University
of Georgia have figured out that RG-II forms a fishnet-like arrangement
held together by boron atoms that, along with cellulose, gives the cell
wall rigidity something like reinforced concrete. This carbohydrate, one of the most complex
in nature and used by all plants, requires a host of enzymes to
manufacture:
RG-II
has been known as an obscure, structurally weird polysaccharide that
plants make, said Malcolm ONeill, senior research associate at
UGAs CCRC. But we had no idea why plants went to all
the effort to make it. There are 50 to 60 enzymes involved, 12
different sugars and 22 different linkages. Theres even one
sugar thats actually not been found anywhere else.
They observed that
mutants lacking a crucial side chain on the carbohydrate, or lacking boron,
end up as dwarfs. The plants returned to normal by the addition of
the missing ingredients.
Did you catch the
personification fallacy
there? Plants dont go to the effort to make something; they
just respond to the engineering designed into their coded instructions.
Think about a process that requires 60 enzymes to complete, when each
enzyme is a complex, folded strand of dozens or hundreds of precisely-placed
amino acids, coded for by genes in the DNA library. The functions of enzymes
and carbohydrates are highly dependent on having a precise shape, which
in turn is highly dependent on the precise sequence of amino acids.
The article agrees, The sugar substitution
[in the mutant form] changes the shape of the molecule . . . . As in all
molecules - and in all biology - its the shapes of molecules that
control their function. The chance of
getting one enzyme right, let alone 50 or 60, is
infinitesimally small; yet if any one of them
is wrong, the entire manufacturing process comes to a halt.
how could this and thousands of other complex functional systems arise
without design? Think about the degree of complexity at work
the next time you look at a blade of grass standing upright against the
force of gravity.
Next headline on: Plants.
Next headline on: The Cell and Biochemistry.
Are Meteorites and Moon Rocks Young? 10/25/2001
Two news stories last week are making planetary scientists jump
through hoops to explain apparently youthful features in the
solar system.
- Duncan Steele writing in
The Guardian
Oct 18 says that Most meteorites appear to be too young, in terms
of the time spent on independent orbits after escaping their parent
asteroids. This conclusion comes from observing too few
cosmic ray tracks as a measure of space exposure. Date calculations
yield results orders of magnitude less than the 4.5 billion year assumed age of
the solar system. Steele theorizes that the Yarkovsky force, a drag force
caused by differential radiation from a spinning body, may have
accelerated their journey to the earth.
- Oct 19 Sky
and Telescope online news discusses analyses of Apollo 17 lunar soil samples by two
Berkeley physicists. They found about 15% more beryllium-10 than expected
if it were produced by cosmic rays. Moreover, beryllium-10
has a half-life of 1.5 million years, far younger than the Moon, so there
must be a source of continual replenishment. They propose
that the solar atmosphere creates the Be-10 and flings it out into the
solar wind that bombards the lunar surface. This explanation, however,
requires that little Be-10 mixing occurs in the sun; it must be created
and transported quickly.
Any dating method is going to have
problems and anomalies, whether you believe in an old or young solar
system. These two examples show how evolutionists deal with their
anomalies. Whether their explanations hold up or not is difficult
to prove. It should be clear, however, that the evolutionary old age
is the constant that must not be questioned; other mechanisms are invoked to
prop up that fixed and holy parameter. This would be a good time
to review our Concise Guide to Understanding
Evolutionary Theory on the right sidebar.
Next headline on: Dating Methods.
Next headline on: Solar System.
Next headline on: Physics.
Scientists Should Write With More Feeling 10/24/2001
In an op-ed piece in the Oct. 25
Nature, Wondrous Order,
Matthew Cobb tries to get his colleagues to express a little more awe
at the workings of nature, rather than write in such dry, passive-voice
dullness characteristic of scientific papers. He recounts a 17th
century anatomist whose descriptions sparkled with colorful adjectives
and praise to God:
For Swammerdam, the source of this structure could only be
divine, and the only appropriate response was rapture. As he put
it when summarizing his findings on the anatomy and metamorphosis of
butterflies: How then can we avoid crying out, O God of
miracles! How wonderful are all thy works! How beautiful
are the ornaments! How well adapted the powers which thou has so
profusely bestowed upon thy creatures!
Although in Cobbs opinion science has removed the Designer and
explained all by randomness, natural selection and adaptation,
scientists should still get a little excited in their prose.
The fragility of nature and the lack of any ultimate meaning
or plan make the world an even more amazing place in which to live
than if everything were pre-ordained.
We caught this man red-handed trying to
steal the word awe from the Christian vocabulary. As a
human made in the image of God, he misses the old heart-stirring
feelings that the early creation scientists
had for their work
(Antonio
Damasio in the same issue probes the elusive nature of feelings vs.
emotions).
Cobb sets up a straw man with Swammerdam, and
creates an either-or fallacy
with purposelessness vs. predestination.
But away he goes, trying to smuggle some awe into modern materialism and
saying a world without any ultimate meaning is even more awesome!
But like materialist Carl
Sagan said shortly before his death, Our planet is a lonely speck
in the great enveloping cosmic dark. In our obscurity, in all this
vastness, there is no hint that help will come from elsewhere to save us
from ourselves. Theres no experience of awe among
particles in motion, nor blood in turnips.
Hand over the word awe to its
rightful owners. Evolutionists
can use their own word: despair.
Next dumb story.
Entropy Leads to Self-Assembling Molecules 10/24/2001
A University
of Pennsylvania news release says that entropy has its benefits.
It can assemble fuzzy molecules into precisely distinct
lattices. Physicist Randall D. Kamiens work adds
new evidence that entropy is far richer than the gloomy drive toward
universal disorder it was once thought to be and suggests it could
become a player in the world of self-assembling molecules.
Entropys knack for driving fuzzy molecules into distinct lattices
offers scientists the promise of new materials designed rationally
rather than through trial and error.
Whenever evolutionists hear evidence for
self-assembly and spontaneous ordering, they get excited.
This announcement wont provide much comfort, though; the order is
built into the valences of the atoms and is not information.
Any spontaneous ordering of the lattices is similar to snowflakes and
crystals: pretty, but meaningless. DNA transcription, on the other
hand, involves a true code and elaborate translation mechanism, including
error-checking and proofreading, that has nothing to do with the valences
of the molecules. It is the information content of the cell that
baffles naturalistic origin of life, and though our understanding of
entropy is growing richer, it is still a gloomy drive toward
universal dis-information, without a Designer and Sustainer of the
world.
Next headline on: Physics.
Next headline on: Origin of Life.
Finger-Pointing Over Cause of Mammal Extinction: Man or Climate? 10/24/2001
Donald
Grayson, a University of Washington anthropologist, thinks the
theory that early man hunted mammals to extinction (the overkill
hypothesis) is a faith-based credo that bows to Green
politics. He says that the theory by Paul Martin in 1967
that Clovis people migrating into North America killed off all the
large mammals 11,000 years ago is glitzy, easy to understand
and fits with our image of ourselves as all-powerful. It also
fits well with the modern Green movement and the Judeo-Christian
view of our place in the world. But there is no reason to
believe that the early peoples of North America did what Martins
argument says they did. Instead, Grayson believes climate
changes could have caused the extinctions. Overkill is
bad science because it is immune to the empirical record. he says.
Now theres a first, putting the
Green movement and Judeo-Christian view in the same sentence.
But give it up, guys; none of you were there. Its all
bad science; its all faith-based credo.
Next headline on: Early Man.
Next headline on: Politics.
Mars 2001 Odyssey Enters Orbit 10/23/2001
Cheers went up at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at 10:56 p.m. EDT Tuesday, just
twenty minutes ago at this writing,
as a signal from the spacecraft was attained indicating that the orbit
insertion burn had succeeded and the ship was now in orbit around Mars.
One of the goals of
Mars 2001 Odyssey is the
search for
life. A Mars
Atmospheric Chemistry and Astrobiology Workshop has just been
announced to take place at Caltech December 17-19.
Update
10/24/01: In a morning-after pep talk to JPL,
retiring NASA Administrator Dan Goldin, who is largely responsible for the
agencys astrobiology emphasis, said that if life is ubiquitous
in the universe, you will be the ones to find out.
Congratulations to the hard-working
engineers who pulled off another deep space maneuvering success.
But how would you place your bet on the astrobiologists finding life
on this dusty, rocky, cold desert?
Next headline on: Mars.
Veteran Activist Takes On Evolution Dogmatism in California Again 10/23/2001
Nell Segraves, who won a California court order in 1981 requiring
schools to present evolution as theory instead of fact, is out to
remind the school boards they are breaking the law, according to
a report in
Focus
on the Family Citizen Link. A textbook she examined
was filled with evolution as fact and history, without a hint of
evolution being controversial. She called the Department of
Justice. They replied that the textbooks could be recalled and
money refunded if enough students called and complained that evolution
offended their religious beliefs; so she is launching a letter-writing
campaign to the Department of Justice and hoping thousands of students
will respond. No tax money can be used to offend religious
beliefs, Segraves says. But you have to be offended,
and call their attention to the misuse of funds.
We hope this will be effective, and that
evolutionists will back off from their dogmatic propaganda, but we have
some reservations about this approach. It makes Christians and
creationists look like whiners, when really it is the Darwinists who
are on trial here, in two respects: (1) Evolution is bad science,
not just an offense to someones religious beliefs. If you are
a regular reader of these pages, no doubt you have been appalled at the
shameful storytelling
that evolutionists continually engage in, contrary
to what the actual evidence showssee yesterdays
story about evolutionary trees of life, for instance. (2)
Evolution is also
naturalistic philosophy masquerading as science. It rests on
unproveable assumptions and often absurd appeals to chance. It is just
as religious as any other philosophy or religion, and has no
right being presented dogmatically in science classes when it is not only
incapable of proof but contrary to the science we know.
So we
advise Darwin-doubters not to just whimper about how evolution is hurting our
religious feelings that plays right into the pro-Darwinist claims that
evolution is science, creation is religion.
We also discourage demanding equal time for
creation, because that approach also fails to address the real problem;
they respond with the straw man fallacy
that if you allow the teaching of Genesis in the biology class,
you also have to allow equal time for Polynesian creation myths and Eskimo
creation myths. Darwinists are so entrenched in
their belief that evolution is an objective science that they just cannot
see their own philosophical bias for what it is, or conceive of the possibility
that Darwinism is an unscientific creation myth. Finally, this
approach, noble as its intentions are, gives the appearance to some of
using the power of the state to push the agenda of a special interest
group. In actuality, the shoe is on
the other foot! See our
Aug. 19 story, for instance.
Darwins
bulldogs are not above telling outright lies, shutting off
dissent, discriminating against creationists and redefining science itself
to prevent challenges to their philosophy from getting heard.
Instead of complaining from a religious stance,
we encourage students and parents to
challenge the scientific claims of Darwinism.
Teachers have no right to present bad science
and bad religion as biological fact; isnt it in the spirit of
good scientific inquiry to challenge accepted beliefs, if you can make
a better case with better evidence? Textbooks and teachers should
present all the scientific data, including the
voluminous evidence that contradicts
Darwinism and the strident controversies that
exist between evolutionists themselves (such as between the
neo-Darwinists and the promoters of punctuated equilibria, and between
believers in and opponents of evolutionary psychology).
It is simply irresponsible for textbooks and school boards and teachers
to pretend these issues dont
exist and to smilingly say, Evolution is a fact. or, All
scientists accept evolution. Thats indoctrination, not
education. Instead of removing Darwinism from the classroom, we want
schools to teach all the facts about it and not let pro-evolution
media get away with a one-sided, dogmatic, slick
marketing pitch.
O, for a generation of well-informed, logical-thinking students!
Get informed and challenge the
claims with scientific evidence; youll find plenty of
ammunition right here on Creation-Evolution Headlines.
For an example of how one student made a difference,
read our Scientist of the Month story, below.
Next headline on: Politics.
Next headline on: Schools.
Evolutionary Tree of Life More Confused Than in Darwins Day 10/22/2001
A surprising admission comes from the Oct 22 issue of the
Biological
Proceedings of the Royal Society. Michael J. Benton has
researched 100 years of evolutionary phylogenies (family trees) and
admitted that evolutionists are more confused than they were before;
in most cases, the stratigraphic record, the molecular record, and the
fossil record produce inconsistent results. Heres the abstract:
Phylogenies, or evolutionary trees, are fundamental to biology.
Systematists have laboured since the time of Darwin to discover the
tree of life. Recent developments in systematics, such as
cladistics and molecular sequencing, have led practitioners to believe
that their phylogenies are more testable now than equivalent efforts
from the 1960s or earlier. Whole trees, and nodes within trees,
may be assessed for their robustness. However, these quantitative
approaches cannot be used to demonstrate that one tree is more likely
to be correct than another. Congruence assessments may
help. Comparison of a sample of 1000 published trees with an
essentially independent standard (dates of origin of groups in
geological time) shows that the order of branching has improved
slightly, but the disparity between estimated times of origination from
phylogeny and stratigraphy has, if anything, become worse.
Controlled comparisons of phylogenies of four major groups (Agnatha,
Sarcopterygii, Sauria and Mammalia) do not show uniform improvement, or
decline, of fit to stratigraphy through the twentieth century.
Nor do morphological or molecular trees differ uniformly in their
performance.
Benton says the most striking finding in the comprehensive study is
the little change in congruence between stratigraphy and phylogeny
(rocks vs Darwinian theory) throughout the 20th century, and especially
the last 30 years, a time of major revolution in methods and data
sources. Apparently the advent of molecular phylogeny (finding
ancestry in the genes) and cladistics has had little effect on resolving
the problems. He thinks it will be interesting to revisit the
issue in 10-20 years time, but for the present, leaves the problems
unresolved, admitting that the ability of the fossil record to
document the history of life requires further reassessment.
Hear ye, hear ye! Thats
the value of Creation-Evolution Headlines. If you watched
the PBS Evolution TV series,
you would have been propagandized into a
belief system that is not supported by the evidence. Its in
scientific papers like this that few laymen read that the truth comes
out. This is a surprising admission it basically states
that the whole Darwinian tree of life as presented in the textbooks and
on TV is not supported by the evidence! (Of course, some of us
already knew that.)
Next headline on: Darwinism and evolutionary theory.
Thermodynamics of Cellular Steam Engines Described 10/22/2001
Three Japanese scientists have analyzed the thermodynamics of molecular
motors in living cells in a new paper in the
Biological
Proceedings of the Royal Society. They compare the thermodynamic
properties of macroscopic steam engines vs. the microscopic motors like
dynein and myosin-V involved in cellular transport and cell division.
They describe how these remarkable microscopic engines are
able to perform a biased random walk (like a ratchet), even though
buffeted by Brownian (thermal) motion, and perform useful work.
The same equations shown here for linear molecular motors should be
applicable to rotary motors like ATP synthase.
The scientific literature on biochemistry
is teeming with phrases like molecular motors and cellular
machinery. How can any thinking person believe that machines
evolved out of a primordial soup? One can conceive a day in the not
too distant future when belief in chemical evolution will be abandoned by all
knowledgeable biochemists, leaving the superstructure of Darwinian
evolution built on it without a foundation, poised for a
monumental collapse.
Next headline on: The Cell and Biochemistry.
Fossil Lemur Teeth Found in Pakistan 10/22/2001
The origin of lemurs, small primates now found only in Madagascar,
has long been a puzzle. Now, according to paper in the journal
Science
(see summary and picture in
ScienceNow),
fossil teeth resembling those of lemurs, estimated at 30 million
years old, have been discovered in Pakistan. Fossils on Madagascar,
by contrast, only date back 40,000 years. One team member believes
this provides unequivocal evidence that lemurs had
diversified in Asia
long before arriving off the African coast. How did they get to
to their current location? He believes that the lemurs probably
got to Madagascarwhich had separated from Asia about 88 million
years agoby riding on a small island that could have drifted from
Asia to Africa and bumped into Madagascar. Another
paleontologist would like to see more fossil evidence than a few teeth.
Too little data and too many assumptions
plague this story, as usual. The perceptive reader will see more
problems than solutions. How do they know these are lemur teeth?
How do they know they are 30 million years old? Even if so,
why the huge gap between the Asian teeth and the oldest known lemur fossil
in Africa? Why do lemurs appear in the fossil record fully formed
without ancestors? How could lemurs ride some island to Madagascar and
not leave any fossil trace anywhere else in the world? What process
would make an island with the last surviving lemurs drift across the sea and
unload its cargo on Madagascar? Making this finding fit evolutionary
ages and biogeography is a stretch; they should be scratching their heads and
admitting that something is terribly wrong with their theories. As is
common in pro-evolution research, data dont tell evolutionary
tales people do.
Next headline on: Mammals.
Next headline on: Fossils.
Article 10/19/2000: An article from Creation magazine
posted on Answers in Genesis,
The
Collapse of Geologic Time,
argues that compressed radioactive haloes in coalified wood
provide evidence for a young earth and a worldwide flood.
Next headline on: Dating Methods.
Fall Colors Lack Evolutionary Explanation 10/19/2001
Why do leaves turn a brilliant red in the fall? Aside from
aesthetics, no one knows for sure. A feature story on the
Scientific
American website examines the various theories. Some feel
the reds act as a sunscreen while recycling leaf tissues for winter
food storage. Some think they protect the plant from free
radicals. Others hypothesize that the red pigments help preserve
water during drought, or repel insects, or advertise toxic substance
to would-be predators. But in the end, none of these ideas
explain why some plants have red all year, other plants do fine
without red pigment, and why there are such varying degrees in between.
Do we have to have a Darwinian explanation
for everything? Is there any room left for a Creator who might
just create wonders because they are beautiful? Take a walk in
the woods this fall and just enjoy it without stressing yourself out
on what survival value the colors have. Darwinian tales are made by
evolutionary biologists, but
only God
can make a tree.
Next headline on: Plants.
Dark Matter Options Diminish 10/19/2001
Astronomers appear to have a heavenly crisis on their
hands, and it concerns material they cant even detect,
says Ron Cowen in the cover story of the Oct. 13
Science News,
Dark Matters. Since the
1930's, astronomers have built most of their theories on the assumption
that over 90% of the universe consists of unseen, unknown particles.
Whether hot (fast moving) or cold (non-interacting),
dark matter is the
stuff that holds galaxies together and creates the early universes
structure. But observations are accumulating that conflict with theory;
for instance,
cores of galaxies are not as dense as predicted, there are 1000 times too
few dwarf galaxies as predicted, and the distribution of dark matter should
be football-shaped, but would have to be spherical to match observations.
Astronomers have responded by coming up with two alternative
theories: warm dark matter, or self-interacting dark matter. Recent
observations by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, however, seem to rule out
the latter. But the former appears too ad hoc to some.
They hope continuing observations by Chandra may set constraints on the
nature of the elusive material.
One gets the distinct impression reading
such articles that astronomers are debating the composition and character
of ghosts. How many of these problems are due to slavish devotion
to the Big Bang theory and long ages? Maybe there is no dark matter
and they will have to live with the universe as it is, not as
they think it should be. Their models have so many degrees of
freedom, though, that we should not expect a change of heart soon.
Cosmology is a game where the only rule is philosophical naturalism, and
no observation can be considered legitimate until it is confirmed by
theory.
Next headline on: Stars.
Next headline on: Cosmology.
Virus Motor Packs DNA Under High Pressure 10/18/2001
University
of California at Berkeley scientists have measured the
force with which viruses stuff their DNA into protein bottles called
capsids. A little molecular motor at the lid of the bottle is
able to pack the coiled DNA with 60 piconewtons of pressure.
On a human scale, that is ten times the pressure in a champagne
bottle. The team is now studying whether the pressure is used
to inject the DNA into the host bacterial cell, and whether the
packing motor rotates as do some other molecular motors studied, such
as the bacterial flagellum.
Think of this little motor packing a
DNA molecule into a protein bottle, like stuffing a spring into a can.
When the Jack in the Box pops open, surprise!
This article uses the word motor
two dozen times. It underscores the fact that cellular components
are molecular machines. Evolutionists are up a creek to
explain machines by chance, but creationists, too, should be intrigued
by the high level of design being found in viruses. We think of
viruses as nasty disease-causing agents, and some certainly are today,
but the vast majority are harmless and may be beneficial.
Jerry Bergman has
speculated that viruses performed a vital role in the beginning;
for instance, they may have prepared a host to enter a new environment,
or provided functionality to pass from one organism to another
by lateral gene transfer. Whatever is theorized about their
role in creation, they are turning out to be more intricately designed
than we could have imagined.
Next headline on: The Cell and Biochemistry.
Next amazing story.
Birds, the High-Efficiency Long-Distance Flight Champions 10/18/2001
A paper in
Nature investigates the fuel efficiency of long-distance migratory birds,
some of which can fly long distances of 4000 km or more with only a
few short stops
(click here
for summary.). How does a bird extract the maximum power from
its fuel? Doesnt increasing body weight by stocking up on
fuel decrease flight muscle efficiency? Apparently, birds are
better engineers than we thought, able to actually fly more efficiently
when fully loaded. Scientists used wind tunnels to measure factors
like lift, power, drag and metabolic power output.
A
related study, also in Nature now
proves that flying in formation also helps birds use 11-14% less energy.
Scientists measured heart rates of great white pelicans to estimate the
benefit.
These papers give you a sense of the
complex math and engineering required to fly a machine for a long
distance with enough fuel (but not too much) to get there, when there
are trade-offs between weight and efficiency. How did a little
birdbrain figure this out? The paper uses the typical evolutionary
lingo that nature selected the right parameters. Presumably,
millions of unlucky birds had to drop into the ocean before they got
it right.
Next headline on: Birds.
Next amazing story.
Mouse Jitteriness Correlated With Food Abundance 10/17/2001
Pamela Mueller and Jared Diamond of UCLA, in a paper in the
Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences, studied five species of mice
and found correlations between the abundance of food (net primary
productivity) and the critters antsiness, as measured in basal
metabolic rate.
This glorified high school science
project is listed in the category evolution but proves
nothing. They start with mice and end with mice; so what?
Some mice are jumpier than others and bite more; so what? Some
people act that way, too. Lets correlate that with NCI
(net coffee intake). All this paper does is observe adaptation,
not evolution. Jared Diamond, who has written vitriolic
anti-creationist rhetoric in popular
science magazines, is doing his
part to shore up the evidence for evolution in a scientific journal,
but accomplishes nothing here. Microevolution does not
reinforce Darwinian evolution from amoeba to man. Even so, this
paper is riddled with doubt about what their observations prove.
Next headline on: Mammals.
Next headline on: Darwinism.
Feeling Depressed? Go Take a Hike 10/17/2001
Researchers at
Texas
A&M University are confirming another
common-sense notion that physical activity is good for you, both
physically and emotionally. According to the news release echoed in
EurekAlert,
participants in vigorous outdoor activities like backpacking,
canoeing and rock climbing were not only physically fit, but
were better able to handle stress and had a more positive
mental outlook. Doctors found more stress hormones in the
bodies of couch potatoes, and found that the physically fit were
better prepared to handle unexpected challenges.
Creation-Evolution Headlines
is a proud partner of Creation
Safaris. After reading the news on this computer screen,
get up, stretch, and go take a vigorous walk. The Creator has
made us an integrated wholebody, mind, and spiritwith
each part influencing the others. Dont neglect any
of your well-designed systems.
Follow the chain links on Health for similar
stories, especially a study from the British Journal of Sports
Medicine on March 27. Even
the sights and sounds of nature can have a calming effect, as we
reported May 8 and
March 23. Go to the
Creation Safaris
Photo Gallery and try it out.
Next headline on: Health.
Female Goby Fish Strut Their Stuff 10/16/2001
Most studies on sexual selection have focused on male coloration,
but a paper in the Oct 16
Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences investigates a species of fish
where the female has the bright coloration. Two Scandinavian
researchers found that the males flirted more with the females that
had bright orange underbellies, whether or not they were fat.
This paper should not have passed peer
review; if it were a creationist theory it would have been laughed
off the stage. These scientists are imposing their sexual fancies
and thinking on dumb little fish. Arent fish color blind,
anyway? What does an orange belly have to do with fitness?
If this is a law of science, why arent all species getting
gaudier all the time, both male and female? If gold is the magic
color, why havent all fish evolved into goldfish?
The paper is full of
wiggle room and doubt.
For example:
- ....empirical studies addressing social and sexual selection in females
are either scarce or completely lacking in most major taxa.
- In most other taxa, including fish, female ornaments
are almost unstudied and the evolutionary reasons for female beauty largely unknown.
- This scenario does not explain the
evolution of color characteristics whose expression may vary among reproductive females.
- The only extant study conducted in such a system on convict cichlids (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) revealed no male preference for females with more bright ventral coloration.
- Why are male two-spotted gobies so sensitive to female belly coloration? One possibility is that belly coloration acts as an amplifier of
female fecundity. To a human observer [emphasis added],
the orange belly of an ornamented female is a highly conspicuous trait,
with a high contrast to the fish body and to the habitat background.
By adding color to an already round belly filled with mature eggs,
females may facilitate male evaluation of fecundity [emphasis
added].
But why are not all mature females equally colorful? If the
amplifying trait is costly to develop, it may at the same time be
informative of female quality....It remains to be demonstrated which
aspects of quality, if any, might be signaled through bright
carotenoid-based coloration in female two-spotted gobies.
- It remains to be demonstrated what benefits males may gain from being choosy.
- Studies of relationships between ornamentation, parasites and immune
parameters in females are very few and should be encouraged.
- The demonstrated male preference for female coloration does not preclude a function of female ornamentation in contest competition among
females.
- We suggest that more attention should be directed at the largely unstudied phenomenon of female beauty in fish and other animals.
So after 150 years of Darwinism, nobody has studied female
sexual selection, the data are contradictory, it could be this or it
could be that, and we cant possibly know what the little fishies
are thinking, so lets impose our human likes and dislikes on the
fish (what does beauty mean to a fish, for crying out
loud?). You are watching evolutionary research in action.
This is how evolution gains an appearance of scientific respectability;
Darwinists publish wishy-washy papers like this and can claim the literature
is full of evidence for evolution. A thousand buckets of sand do
not give you a solid foundation.
Next headline on: Fish.
Next headline on: Darwinism.
Next dumb story.
Solar System Exhibits Chaotic Motion, But Not Too Much 10/16/2001
A Japanese paper in the
Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences
explores the extent of chaos in planetary orbits.
The authors explain that small bodies are clearly
subject to chaotic influences, whereas the major planets, though not
exempt, seem remarkably stable for long periods of time. This is partly
due to the large separation between them compared to their masses, but
much remains poorly understood. They state:
These recent advances are the beginning of a quest to
tease out the critical properties of our solar system (and its subsystems)
that give it the curious character of being only marginally chaotic
or marginally stable on time spans comparable with its current
age. It is but a part of the quest to understand what processes
of formation (and perhaps initial conditions) led to this remarkable
system in nature and how common such systems are in our galaxy
and the universe.
This subject is of interest to astronomers and geophysicists
for setting constraints on our ability
to extrapolate backward and forward in time, to ascertain or predict
positions of planets or to correlate dates in the geological column
with orbital influences.
The old Newtonian mechanists used to
assume the heavens were as reliable as clockwork, and bragged on their
ability to predict almost anything from mathematical laws of physics.
Now we know that initial
conditions and perturbations can have dramatic effects, making it all
but impossible to predict future motions. (This also explains
why the old urban legend about running the solar system orbits backward
to find
Joshuas long day
is not possible.)
Our solar system is carefully balanced set of
coincidences. A little chaos
is OK, but a lot of chaos could have ruled out life. Notice how these
scientists are awestruck at our remarkable system in nature.
Next headline on: Solar System.
Bones of St. Luke Found? 10/16/2001
DNA analysis of bones alleged to be those of Luke, writer of the
Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles in the Bible, have been
performed by molecular biologists, says
Scientific American
summarizing a new report in the
Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences.
The analysis of DNA from two teeth shows they are about three times
more likely to have a Syrian origin than a Greek origin.
The story claims to highlight the value of using genetic data
to confirm history. (Note: Scientific
American incorrectly states Luke was born
in 150 A.D. in Syria, whereas the original paper says he died
in that year.) Uncertainty remains, however, about other
possible birthplaces, and the actual identity of the individual.
Dr. Luke was a
historian of the
first rank; the accuracy of his writings have been repeatedly
confirmed by archaeology. He was a traveling companion of Paul
and died probably much earlier than 150 A.D. Can this method really tell
that much? Couldnt a Syrian be born in Greece or somewhere
else? As interesting as the dating of relics might be, we are
beyond honoring relics. It is far more important to listen to
Lukes
message than analyze his bones, even if they were his (which this
scientific paper cannot establish). Brother Luke is in heaven, with a
clear view of the risen and ascended Christ,
of whom he wrote under inspiration of the Holy Spirit after doing
diligent
research from eyewitness accounts.
Next headline on: Bible.
Meteorite Might Hold Clues to Life 10/16/2001
According to the Rochester
News, local professors are studying the Tagish Lake meteorite that
fell in British Columbia last year for clues to the origin of life on
earth. This meteorite contains carbon but no amino acids; others
are said to have had amino acids. The sticking point is to
get from simple molecules, like amino acids, to the complication of
life, said Sandra Pizzarello, a chemistry professor at Arizona
State University and another member of the research team.
You just put the puzzle one piece at a time in place.
This is a priori reasoning.
Evolutionists are convinced life did evolve from chemicals, so
they are on this slow, painstaking project to piece together evidence
to show how it evolved. There is a HUGE difference between amino
acids and life, however; so huge it could never be bridged by natural
processes acting under the laws of science we already know. To
get an idea of what evolutionists are up against, check out these
animations of ATP synthase,
a molecular motor used in all living things (these are simplified
animations that do not show all the parts involved). These
motors are made up of thousands of amino acids, all left-handed, that
are arranged into a precise sequence and work together as a 6000rpm
motor, cranking out ATP molecules (used in all life processes), at
over 90% efficiency. Unless all these complex parts exist
together simultaneously, the motor will not work at all. This is
one of many such molecular machines in the cell that must be
present to have life. Yet here we have researchers looking for
little individual amino acids, thinking that if they find some they
are getting closer to understanding the origin of life. Amino
acids are no closer to life than a childs alphabet blocks are
to an encyclopedia.
Next headline on: Origin of Life.
Baboons Capable of Abstract Reasoning 10/14/2001
Who knows what abstract reasoning lurks in the hearts of baboons? The psychologist thinks he knows.
According to EurekAlert,
psychologists writing in the Journal of Experimental Psychology performed experiments in which, after
thousands of tries, baboons were able to associate like things with rewards.
Big deal. I had a horse once that figured out how to unlatch the
barn door with her lips.
Next dumb story.
New Eugenics Movement Underway, Claims Historian 10/12/2001
In this months edition of Science Magazines
Essays
on Science and Society, Garland E. Allen asks, Is a New
Eugenics Afoot? and answers, Yes. Allen is
a historian of science at the Evolutionary and Population Biology
Program of Washington University, St. Louis. After describing
the history and thinking of the Eugenics movement that was popular in
Progressivist America (1900-1930) but got really ugly in Nazi Germany,
he argues that similar socioeconomic and cultural trends exist today.
Todays focus on the bottom line, ethnic prejudices, and tendencies to explain everything
in the genes indicate we are well on the road to a new
eugenics era.
This article is a must read. Allen
does an admirable job of summarizing the thinking of the early twentieth
century eugenics movement that led to the forced sterilization of 60,000 defectives
whom the scientific and political elitists had decided were not worthy
of having children. What Allen does not stress enough, however, is the
Darwinist connection to eugenics. He does admit that
Eugenicists were to be the managers of the human germ
plasm, in the progressive spirit, and would take control of human
evolution. It was Darwinism that reduced humans to genes,
and made them helpless expressions of heredity, with no responsibility.
Many of the early eugenics advocates, like Haeckel, were staunch
Darwinists and racists. They had an air of scientific respectability by
appearing concerned about human suffering and economic prosperity,
but their true motives were to be masters of human evolution, create
a super-race, and exalt themselves as superior to those they viewed as
defectives in the gene pool. Its haunting to see how
even elite scientists of the day deceived themselves by picking samples
that proved their biases.
Could it happen again? Its happening already.
Cloning, stem-cell research, and abortion are essentially eugenics
programs justified often in Darwinian terms.
The Human Genome Project has a reductionist side,
giving scientists incentive to explain all human failings in terms of bad
genes. National Geographic TV recently had a special on
how in the future we might design super-athletes and other beautiful
people, or ideal warriors on the battlefield. Taking control of our
own future evolution is a dominant theme among Darwinists. It was
repeated in the recent PBS series
Evolution. While positive eugenics (improving people)
sounds noble, there is the dark, negative side of the coin: preventing
defectives from being born in
the first place. In many cases, abortion is eugenics in action:
deciding that a baby with Downs syndrome or some
other genetic abnormality has no right to be born. Stem cell
research treats the human genome as property to be manipulated.
Will we learn from history? It could get worse than
the last time. With the new genetic
tools at our disposal, guided only by Darwinian ethics, there bodes a grim
future for anyone society may deem undesirable. Only the Christian
ethic of human dignity and compassion for the weak can protect us from
potentially catastrophic abuses of human rights ahead.
Next headline on: Politics.
Lightning Sprites Aid Life 10/12/2001
A Penn State team has modeled the ephemeral electrical discharges in the
atmosphere called sprites that accompany lightning, and found that
they extend not only up to the ionosphere but down to the cloud tops.
These forked streamers, which last only 10 milliseconds (a blink of an
eye is 250 milliseconds), may therefore play a significant role in the
formation of the ozone layer and in fixing nitrogen, vital to all life.
Most scientists did not even believe in the existence of sprites until
about ten years ago.
The report in Nature
Science Update includes pictures, movies and sound.
Yet another small wonder on which life
depends is thus discovered. The world seems too complex a combination
of fortuitous factors, producing a life-giving environment, to have been
an accident.
Next headline on: Physics.
Next amazing story.
Virus Evolution Claimed Despite DNA Differences 10/12/2001
Structural biologists have found that two viruses with very different
DNA share remarkably similar molecular structures, says a report
in Science
Now. Comparing structure of a human virus with a bacterial virus,
Roger Burnet of the Wistar Institute:
thinks the two
viruses could have shared a common ancestor, because key parts of
individual proteins resemble each other in both species. This
has allowed the viruses to produce similar structures even as their DNA
diverged. The evidence makes it hard to imagine they didnt
come from some common ancestor, agrees Roger Hendrix, a biologist
at the University of Pittsburgh. The results, he says, support a
growing body of evidence pointing to a billion-year-old family
resemblance between bacterial viruses and human virusesimplying
that viruses may be more closely related to one another than previously
thought.
Evolutionists use the term convergent evolution to describe similarities
in outward appearance (morphology) that they believe had different ancestries
(phylogeny).
Evolutionists like to blow smoke when the
evidence contradicts Darwinism. Here is a superficial resemblance
between two bugs, but their DNA code is very different.
Unless they can explain how the DNA went from one form to the other
while preserving outward similarities, the growing body of
evidence actually contradicts the theory they had common ancestors.
What will it take to convince evolutionists to give up? No matter
what shows up under the microscope, it is metamorphosed into evidence
for evolution. Darwinists are like Talibans being bombed to oblivion
yet claiming victory.
Next headline on: Darwinism.
Sea Cow With Legs Found 10/11/2001
National Geographic
claims that a fossil sea cow with legs has been found in Jamaica:
This new find fills a significant gap in the fossil record,
helping scientists complete the picture of how land animals evolved to
sea creatures . . . . The fossil record for whales is more
complete than for sea cows, but every day the fossil record is getting
better, said [discoverer Daryl] Domning. Major gaps
are becoming minor gaps, and minor gaps are evaporating . . . .
The findings should go a long way toward settling the debate between
creationism and evolution, said Domning. Creationists claim there
is no evidence of macro-evolution intermediate forms of animals
demonstrating the evolution from one kind of animal to another.
Were finding more and more dramatic evidence by the day
that major changes have occurred in both appearance and
adaptation, said Domning. Its no longer a
matter of theory. We have actual bones in hand representing all
phases of the evolution, from land animal to sea animal, in different
groups of animals.
The report is published in the Oct 11 Nature.
We should be accustomed to National
Geographics bluffing by now. This is the rag that gave
us Piltdown Chicken, remember?
Domning found a hippo-like creature; no flippers, able to walk around
on land or in ponds; what does that prove? We have sea lions;
we have otters; we have beaver; we have dogs that like to swim
that are all having a jolly time just being what they are.
Lets play the Darwin game and arrange them
into an family tree. While were at it, lets
do the same with the wrenches in the garage.
This evolutionist is stretching an inch
into a mile to prop up evolution, and NG does a disservice by
exaggerating the recent whale fossil,
which is fragmentary and disputed by evolutionists themselves.
If that record is bad, and the sea cow lineage is worse (as claimed here),
does this new fossil justify calling it dramatic evidence
to prove evolution and refute the claims of creationists? Look at
the evidence, not the words, and you see no such thing.
Evolutionists are dismayed by the rise of creationism. They are stepping
on themselves to dig up transitional forms to fill the voids that
they know are there, and to span the wide gaps with flimsy bridges made of
questionable bones, glued together with bluffing and just-so stories.
They wont hold up.
Next headline on: Fossils.
Next headline on: Mammals.
Mars, a Watery and Stormy World 10/11/2001
Two Mars stories are circulating, one about the current
global dust
storm that Mars Global Surveyor is watching from orbit.
The other story from
NewsWise
claims that Mars has a huge aquifer that has flooded large portions of
the planet in the past.
Mars storytellers cant resist the
old tale, with assumptions stacked like cards, that since Mars had volcanoes,
it might have had water; if Mars had water, it might have had hydrothermal
vents; if Mars had hydrothermal vents, it might have had life:
More, there may be hydrothermally active sites in the basin/aquifer
similar to hydrothermally active sites on Earth now known to harbor
life, Dohm said. These potential aqueous environments are prime
candidates for hydrologic, mineralogic and "exobiologic" exploration,
Dohm and his colleagues emphasize.
Is this the only way they can lobby for more
Mars missions?
Next headline on: Mars.
Rodents Sailed to South America 10/11/2001
In an attempt to reconcile paleontological data with morphological
data, scientists have proposed that South American rodents rode
on rafts from Africa, because their distribution occurred too
recently to have been due to continental drift. Others
have suggested multiple convergent evolution. Now,
according to
EurekAlert, molecular biologists want to try to find the true story
of their ancestry in the genes.
Someone should tell them it wont
work. We already reported that the DNA clock
is unreliable,
and molecular phylogenies dont match
evolutionary trees made
the old way (by looking at the animals and fossils and guessing their
family history). This is an exercise in futility, trying to force fit
data into preconceived theories of common ancestry. This story
contains numerous interesting admissions, such as:
The idea that the South American group shares a common
ancestry with the African group has been controversial for years.
Scientists have indeed suggested that caviomorph rodents in South
America had multiple origins....
Recent discoveries in molecular evolutionary biology are changing
significantly the traditional ideas about mammalian evolution....
That finding [regarding ape and gorilla evolution] sent the entire
paleontological community in a tailspin because it was so counter to
what they had been proposing....
How many fossils have anything to do with a direct ancestry of the
lineages we see living today? And how do we fit those fossils to
the genetic evolutionary tree?....
This work will help reconstruct more accurately the tree of life, which
is a really important goal for the future....
It should be evident that the evolutionists are
living in a fantasy world of storytelling and wishful thinking, not
scientific evidence.
Next headline on: Darwinism and Evolutionary Theory.
Article 10/10/2001: Phillip E. Johnson is back on the
speaking tour. In his
Weekly
Wedge Update he finds rationalist Frederick Crews shooting himself
in the foot.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Goes to One-Handed Experts 10/10/2001 As reported in
Nature Science Update,
the experts are not one-handed, but the subjects of their study are.
Sharpless, Noyori and Knowles have helped the pharmaceutical industry
immensely by devising ways to sort lefties out of mixed populations of
chiral molecules, since the body can only use one-handed versions of many
medicines. By developing chiral catalysts, they have made
it much easier to mass produce quantities of only one hand.
So again we see that intelligence can sort
the two with Nobel-level expertise, but who was there at the origin of life
to produce only left-handed proteins? Left- and right-handed forms
are chemically equivalent but can have drastically different effects on
life, while proteins composed of both hands are useless. This is the
mystery of the left-handed proteins, which in
evolutionary circles remains unsolved. Getting the first protein
all one-handed, without the aid of natural selection, is
immensely improbable, so much as so as to
rule out a naturalistic origin of life on that basis alone.
Next headline on: The Cell and Biochemistry.
Nobel Prize in Medicine Goes to Discoverers of Cell Cycle 10/09/2001
The 100th Anniversary Nobel Prizes for medicine or physiology have been
awarded to three cell biologists who helped understand the cell cycle,
the process that leads to cell division, according to
Scientific American.
The report also has a link to an
interview
with Paul Nurse, one of the recipients.
The intelligence of these brilliant
scientists is no match for the intelligence built into the simplest
yeast cell. The cell cycle is a wonderfully complicated system
of feedbacks and checks and triggers and switches. Leland Hartwell,
one of the recipients, discovered that there are checkpoints that tell
the cell whether to proceed with the operation or not, or to self
destruct if damage has occurred. The operations are all controlled
by proteins, some of which are turned on and off by other proteins.
It is only when something goes dreadfully wrong in the system that we get
cancer or other diseases; for trillions of times in our lifetimes,
the systems work perfectly. In a world cursed because of sin, its
amazing that cell operations still work as well as they do.
If we could see a cell the size of a building in operation,
we would be utterly amazed. It would be a huge factory run by robots,
sending cargo down subway tunnels, producing tools on automated assembly
lines, sending instructions from the master library, and for the grand finale,
on cue, replicating itself! Can you think of any human invention
that even approaches this level of technology?
The author of the Epistle to the Hebrews said that Christ is worthy of more honor than Moses,
just as the builder of the house has more honor than the house
(Heb 3:3).
Similarly, who deserves mans highest prize more, the scientists,
composed of cells,
who look at and try to understand the cell, or the Maker of the cell?
Next headline on: The Cell and Biochemistry.
Bacteria Inspire Efficient Fuel 10/08/2001
Lowly bacteria possess a tool that is the envy of auto makers: an
enzyme called hydrogenase that can produce clean-burning hydrogen from
acids.
Researchers at the University of Illinois are trying to imitate the
active parts of this enzyme to produce hydrogen economically for
tomorrows fuel cell engines that can run a car with water as the
waste product. See summary report on the paper from the
Journal of the American Chemical Society in
Nature Science
Update.
The bacterial enzyme hydrogenase is a complex and
precise structure. It is composed of a chain of amino acids
(all left-handed), that coils into a helical
shape and then, due to precise placement of side chains on the amino
acids, folds (with the help of other enzymes) into a complex
three-dimensional structure. The presence
of iron and nickel atoms at precise locations creates the active
site that allows the hydrogenase to extract hydrogen from acids.
The fact that molecular engineers have to apply a lot of intelligence
to reverse engineer this molecule means the original is elegantly
designed. How can evolutionists believe this and a thousand
other precision tools in the cell are the handiwork of blind, mindless,
undirected forces?
Next amazing story.
Genomics Joins Geology in Search for Evolutionary Ancestors 10/05/2001
The Astrobiology
Institute posted a popular-level article about how molecular biologists
are piecing together evolutionary family trees by studying proteins, and how
they expect to correlate their data with those of geologists and
paleontologists who piece together evolutionary relationships with bones
and rocks. Stephen
Benner and colleagues are using a new search engine and database of proteins
called DARWIN (Data Analysis and Retrieval With Indexed nucleic-acid-peptide
sequences) to compare proteins from distant organisms and find evidence of
ancestry.
The article is mostly bluff, with a lot
of positive-sounding claims about evolution being evident in the genes and
proteins, when in fact we have been reporting frequently that it is not,
and that the molecular evidence does not match the paleontological
evidence (click here for an example).
On October 1, for instance, we
relayed a story about how the DNA clock method for dating evolutionary
changes was found unreliable. The same applies to any alleged protein
clock, since proteins are encoded by genes. One cannot draw
relationships between diverse animals without first believing evolution
to be true, so it becomes a case of question-begging to get the
data to fit preconceived notions. If you read this article with that
in mind, you can find circular reasoning, extrapolation, and
faith in evolution all built up on very little actual evidence.
Phanerozoic, by the way, is Greek, not Latin; more bluffing?
Next headline on: Darwinism.
Of Centromeres and Telomeres 10/05/2001
Two cell biology reports are revealing that mere parts of DNA are
vital. A news release in
Nature announced
that a university team in Cleveland, Ohio has sequenced the centromere of
the human genome. These are the junction points that join the two
strands of chromosomes. They consist of long repetitive sequences of
genetic letters. Though no one understands how they work at this
point, they parcel out equal shares of chromosomes during cell division.
Flaws in the centromeres are implicated in many cancers.
In a second news item, a paper in the journal Cell
discusses the role of telomeres
in cell death and cancer. Telomeres are the end caps
on DNA strands that prevent them from unraveling; at each cell division,
the length of the telomere is reduced by one unit. Researchers
found that the shortest telomere determines when the cell signals itself
to die, not the average telomere length.
Scientific American
comments that cells with short telomeres act as if the DNA strand has
broken, and receive a signal to arrest or die as a protection
against chromosome rearrangement and cancer.
When the telomere-repair tool, telomerase, is present, it
lengthens the telomere just enough to function. Runaway telomere
lengthening appears to be a characteristic of some cancers. A
related paper published online in the
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences demonstrates that telomere dysfunction
triggers extensive DNA fragmentation and evolution of complex chromosome
abnormalities in human malignant tumors.
The human genome is so complex, its wonders
continue to baffle scientists. It is also apparent that failures
in its complex operations lead to cancer and death. When God told
man that he would surely die, and cursed the world because of sin, it
subjected the original perfect designs to malfunction and entropy.
We see the grand design that points to a Designer, but we feel the
malfunctions that take us eventually back to the dust from whence we
came. Is it possible that early in the history of mankind, better
centromere and telomere operation (with fewer accumulated mutations)
could have allowed men to live for centuries, like Methuselah?
Evolutionists, however, continue to attribute these
complex systems to chance, and look for ape in our ancestry at every
turn. Consider this statement from the centromere story:
The group also compared sequences that
bookend the alpha repeats with equivalent sections in primates. One
part of an ancestral primate centromere is amplified in humans, they
found. The work gives a clear picture of how [the centromere] might
have evolved, says chromosome researcher William Brown of the
University of Nottingham, UK. It grew relatively recently in human
evolution. Even with the sequence in hand, no one knows how
centromeres work . . . .
So nobody knows how they work, but it doesnt stop this scientist
from confidently stating with an air of authority how and when they
evolved. In the presence of design perfection, a bit of
humility is in order.
Next headline on: The Cell and Biochemistry.
Jupiter Moon Reaches New Volcanic Heights 10/04/2001 New pictures of
Jupiters
Little Moon Io were released today by the
Jet
Propulsion Laboratory that have planetary scientists excited.
Although the Tvashtar volcanic plume was inactive that they had hoped to fly
Galileo through,
a new larger plume was seen 370 miles to the south that set a new height
record above the surface 310 miles. In addition, two new global
views show a donut ring of fresh material around the new
vent, and another previously unknown vent can be seen with newly deposited
material that was not present during the previous encounter in January.
The Galileo spacecraft then prepared
for two
final flybys of Io, the closest so far on October 15 (which was
successful) at just 112 miles above the south pole, and the final one
in January 2002.
These
will be followed by a visit to the tiny moon Amalthea the
following November and a crushing plunge into Jupiter, its grand finale,
in September 2003.
It seems unbelievable that this tiny frozen
moon could show this much activity after 4.5 billion years. We reported
in August 2000 that the common explanation of tidal flexing is insufficient
to account for the heat being generated through the surface.
Next headline on: Solar System.
Next headline on: Geology.
Stellar Images Released 10/04/2001
The Gemini
Telescope North on Mauna Kea has released the first light
from its new Multi-Object Spectrograph, and its a beauty:
M74, a face-on galaxy in Pisces, a near-perfect Grand Design
spiral. It made NASA Goddards
Astronomy
Picture of the Day. Also, the Hubble Space Telescope Heritage
Project has just released a stunning photo taken in 1997 of the inner core of
Omega
Centauri, a big globular cluster of several million stars. The
detailed
sample region contains about 50,000 stars, many sun-sized but with a
scattering of red giants and blue supergiants.
Galaxies and globulars are prize targets for
amateur astronomers, and these images will surely delight and amaze
anyone. M74 reminds us of the
spiral
galaxy wind-up problem
for cosmologists. If galaxies like this one are as old as claimed,
they would have wound up so tightly that the spiral arms would be hopelessly
scrambled. Globular clusters also have their conundrums; we reported
on March 6 that no planets were detected in
a globular where astronomers expected to find several. And their assumed
ages (12 billion years) are in the same ballpark as the assumed age of the
universe itself, putting pressure on theories of star and galaxy formation
so soon after the birth of the universe.
Next headline on: Stars.
Next headline on: Cosmology.
Oldest Cave Art Is the Best 10/04/2001
According to Scientific
American, the cave art discovered in Chauvet is made up of
masterpieces comparable to the best Magdalenian art that
is much younger. New radiocarbon dates set the Magdalenian art
of Lascaux and Altamira at 12,000 17,000 years old, but sets the
Chauvet art, which is just as good if not superior, at 27,000 to 32,000
years old. According to Helene Valladas, who made the radiocarbon
measurements, this is a problem: Prehistorians, who have
traditionally interpreted the evolution of art as a steady progression
from simple to more complex representations, may have to reconsider
existing theories of the origins of art.
Like maybe its not as old as claimed?
Think about it. Here you have artwork that is of the highest
caliber, indicating a high degree of intelligence, yet evolutionists
expect us to believe its creators did not evolve civilization, agriculture
and rocket science for 32,000 years. Consider how much mankind has
learned and changed in just the last 5,000 years and see if their timeline
is even remotely credible.
Look
at the Chauvet art and judge for yourself. Radiocarbon dates,
like all other
radioactive dating methods, are subject to unproveable assumptions and
cannot be trusted. It is only evolutionary assumptions that keeps
these dates from being tossed into the wastebasket as unreasonable.
Next headline on: Dating Methods.
Next headline on: Early Man.
Early Cells Repeatedly Evolved Powerhouses 10/04/2001 Eukaryotic cells possess two organelles that can
manufacture energy: mitochondria, which require oxygen; and hydrogenosomes,
which do not. The NASA
Astrobiology
Institute theorizes that, because these organelles differ significantly
from one protozoan to another, they must have evolved from one type into the
other on many occasions.
Another example of circular reasoning.
Evolutionists assume that these complex organelles can evolve,
then use unexpected data to tell stories how they did evolve.
Never would it be considered that perhaps could not evolve.
Instead, we are asked to believe in multiple miracles.
Next headline on: The Cell and Biochemistry.
Solar System Theories Still Not Solid 10/03/2001
The October 2001 issue of the
Philosophical
Transactions of the
Royal Society is devoted to
Solar
System Evolution, particularly the origin of solid matter within the
solar system. The opening paper, Unresolved questions
regarding the origin of solar system solids by Patrick Cassen,
makes it clear that there is much still not understood about our neighborhood.
One of the difficulties is the origin
of short-lived radioactive elements in a supposedly 4.5 billion year
old solar system. The untouchable parameter is the age, so evolutionists
have to invoke all kinds of ad hoc scenarios for getting these materials
injected into the solar system that should otherwise have burned out
long ago. This issue of Philosophical Transactions should
be a good source of information for those questioning the viability of
naturalistic theories regarding the origin of our solar system.
Next headline on: Solar System.
Sex Retards Evolution 10/02/2001
The recent PBS Evolution series, episode 5 Why Sex?
explained that sex helps evolution by providing more genetic diversity,
and creates a moving target harder for opponents to attack. This
explanation is challenged in a new paper just published in the
Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences which claims that in
evolutionary terms, sex is a disadvantage:
... a sexual population may evolve two
or more times slower than an asexual population because only asexual
reproduction allows some overlap of successive allele replacements.
Many other fitness surfaces lead to an even greater disadvantage of
sex. Thus, either sex exists in spite of its impact on the rate
of adaptive allele replacements, or natural fitness surfaces have
rather specific properties, at least at the scale of intrapopulation
genetic variability.
The origin of sex has been termed the queen of evolutionary problems
because sex appears more costly to organisms than any benefit that can be
described in terms of survival of the fittest.
This illustrates the difference between
real scientific discussion of evolution, as seen in the journals, and
evolution for the masses as portrayed on public television.
Darwinism does not predict sex, and cannot explain it. The existence
of sexual reproduction is a mystery for Darwinism, and it is
disingenuous for PBS to ignore the controversy over this and other
mysteries, and portray everything as support for evolution.
Walter ReMines book
The Biotic
Message contains a detailed analysis of evolutionist storytelling
about the origin of sex, and concludes that sexual reproduction resists
a Darwinian explanation.
Update 10/18/2001: Scientists
at University of California at Santa Barbara are
claiming the opposite conclusion, that sex is advantageous to
evolution. By studying the rapidity with which a red eye
gene in fruit flies (assumed to be beneficial mutation) accumulated, they
found that the sexual population achieved maximum accumulation faster
than the asexual population.
It is not new for evolutionary scientists
to come to opposite conclusions. Here they assume that red eyes are
better, and find one species of fly accumulating the mutation faster.
Is that enough to declare a law of science, especially when other
experiments reached opposite conclusions? But the bluff goes on.
This press release makes it sound like it has proven an evolutionary
law, and pretends that beneficial mutations are plentiful, when its
doubtful they even exist.
The way to read announcements like this
is to sweep away the bluff like cobwebs, and look at the raw data, and
notice their admissions. They admit that the explanation of sex
has stymied evolutionists for a long time. They admit that sex has
a cost that should make it a disadvantage. They totally overlook
how sexual organs, meiosis, and all the other appurtenances of sex
arose. But one tiny hint of victory
is blown way out of proportion to make them dance on the 1-yard line that they
have scored another touchdown for Darwinism. The facts remain: sex
is not predicted by evolution, it is not explained by evolution, and
evolutionists are losing the game while their cheerleaders are screaming
louder and louder trying to encourage the apathetic fans.
Next headline on: Darwinism.
More responses to the PBS Evolution series have
appeared:
- Michael Behe writing Fatuous Filmmaking in
WorldNetDaily
tells how claims the series made can be interpreted as evidence for
the opposite view. He explains that science often cannot provide
a single cause for a given phenomenon.
- Stephen Meyer in the same issue writes in
Darwins
Defenders that the evolutionists are telling the public
only what they want them to hear.
- Answers
in Genesis in Speedy Species Surprise asks whether
the rapid emergence of new species is really support for evolution,
or is included in the creationist view.
DNA Clock Is Broken 10/01/2001
or rather, never worked to begin with. Molecular biologists
are unhappy to hear that a dating technique they have relied on for
decades is unreliable. Based on a claim in 1965, they have built
their evolutionary trees on the assumption that mutations accumulate at a
constant rate. Now, according to a report in the
Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences summarized in a news report in
Science,
researchers at the University of California in Irvine have found
vastly different mutation rates, even for closely related species . . . .
Molecular clocks in general are much more erratic than
previously thought, and practically useless to keep accurate
evolutionary time, the researchers conclude.
Hear, O skeptics! Thy prophets have
spoken lies unto thee in the name of science. Molecular dating
is flawed, and now evolutionists must cast away another worthless clock.
Creationists believed all along that the DNA clock was built on
circular reasoning
and therefore unreliable. Lets see some prominent Errata
in the next issue for claims made over the last 36 years. (So much
for the Sept 17 story, for instance.)
So will this be a blow to evolutionary theory?
If you think so, you dont understand the power of faith.
Evolution is a fact that must be saved from the evidence at all costs.
This
1998 article shows that doubts about molecular clocks have been
around for some time, but no matter what the fossils or the molecules
show, the story will be adjusted to fit Darwinism:
Is it then justified to test the accuracy
of the fossil record using the molecular clock hypothesis, when this requires
extrapolation between groups with scarce fossil data? Can we
even use the rates calculated within a group of organisms to
infer the origin of this group? Can we exclude the possibility
that rates of evolution change over time? Specifically, what if
the emergence of a group of organisms coincides with an initial
acceleration of substitution rates followed by a slowdown or
period of molecular stasis? . . . . Perhaps we should consider
the possibility that there have been significant changes in the
rates of nucleotide substitution in taxa with remote origins
before sending palaeontologists out to fill perceived gaps in the
fossil record.
Evolutionists will argue about which evidence supports
Darwinism better, but Darwinism itself, like American foreign policy with
the Taliban, is not open to negotiation or discussion.
Next headline on: Dating Methods.
Review: National Geographic October 2001
For more than 40 years the
National Geographic Society has helped fund the Leakey family . . .
so its not a surprise that Meave Leakeys Kenyanthropus
gets big press in the October issue, even though it throws the human
family tree into disarray (again see our
April 17 headline).
Nevertheless, they find a way
to put a good face on flat-faced Kenya man, declaring
authoritatively, K. platyops shows that humans evolved
through the same process as other animals.
Other examples of liberal bias in this issue:
- Complaints about trafficking in wild animal parts in Africa, but
never a word about American trafficking in human fetal body parts.
- Ads for a TV special on Noahs Flood but dont
think for a minute this is a Biblical apologetic. By arguing
Ballards theory of a Black Sea local flood, NG portrays
Genesis 6-9 as only an exaggerated legend.
- New Age gets good press in this issue. In the article on Light,
a phony crystal healer on p. 24 is pictured with his sucker client;
without rebuttal, it amounts to granting his pseudoscience a backhanded
legitimacy. The article on Northern California gives almost as much
coverage to local New Agers as it does to scientists, in non-judgmental,
almost admiring, prose.
|